Abstract (hsc full form)

 

Abstract (hsc full form)

It is the mammalianblood network comprises more than ten distinct mature cell types, is based on one particular kind of stem cell, the hematopoietic cell (HSC). Within the system, only HSC possess the ability of self-renewal and multi-potency. Multi-potency is the capacity to differentiate into functional blood cells of all kinds. Self-renewal is the ability to produce HSC itself , without differentiation. Because mature blood cells tend to be short lived, HSC continuously provide more differentiated progenitors while properly maintaining the HSC size appropriately throughout life , by precisely the balance between self-renewal as well as differentiation. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of self-renewal as well as differentiation of HSC is a major question. In this review, we will focus on the hierarchical structure of the hematopoietic system, our current understanding of the molecular and microenvironmental factors that control self-renewal and differentiation of adult HSC as well as the emerging approaches to systems to study HSC biochemistry. Go to:

Introduction

Although mature blood cells generated at a rate of greater 100,000 cells every second in adult humans Human 11 most of the hematopoietic stem cells (hscs) from the source of which they originate have a very limited cycle and are located within the G 0 phase of the cell cycle , under healthy conditions [2]. The two facts presented here create an interesting conundrum: how do we help the body reach the balance that ensures that a sufficient quantity of hscs is maintained for the life of the body, while simultaneously, HSCs consistently meet the organism's enormous requirement for continuous replenishment of adult blood cells most of them are extremely short-lived. This balance is illustrated by the numerous examples where an abnormal development of HSCs can lead to severe disease e.g. when HSC differentiation into committed progenitors is not accompanied by the usual loss of self-renewal capabilities, or progenitors derived from HSCs fail to fully transform into mature cells [ 33], and can enter a preleukemic progression [ 4[ 4]. The fascinating features of mammalian hemopoiesis have led to a vast study of the system over the last couple of decades. In this article we concentrate on the conundrum that has been outlined, and examine what is known about the regulatory mechanisms that control the capacity of HSCs to produce trillions of maturing blood cells while keeping an adequate pool of HSCs for the duration of the species. Go to:

The Concept of Stem Cells

The "stem cell" concept was initially proposed by Till and McCulloch after their pioneering research of the regeneration of the blood system in living. After transplanting a limiting number of syngenic bone-marrow (BM) cells to mice that were receiving them, they observed cells that had formed in the spleens of recipient mice. Analyzing these colonies revealed that a very small sub-population of donor BM cells displayed two extraordinary features: (1) the ability to produce multiple kinds of myeloerythroids, in addition, (2) the ability to self-replicate 58]. 88 1. These findings revealed two criteria that define stem cells i.e. multi-potency and self-renewal. Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) are the only cells in the hematopoietic process that have the potential for both multi-potency and self-renewal. In the case of HSC, multi-potency is the capacity to differentiate into the various functional blood cells and self-renewal is the capacity to give rise to identical daughter HSCs without differentiation.

The field of research into stem cells has expanded significantly from the early studies of Till as well as McCulloch and now encompasses stem cells that contribute to specific tissues and organs (collectively named tissue-specific stem cell) and also embryonic stem (ES) cells that could give rise to every cell type in the adult body. There is a system for nomenclaturehas been developed to represent the ability to differentiate of various stem cell populations (summarized as Table 1). It is beyond what the purpose of this paper is to discuss non-hematopoietic stem cell populations; excellent reviews of these stem cells are provided within this article.

Read more about it here. hsc means

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